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The minds behind AI

AI Legends

The minds that created artificial intelligence, told simply: their big breakthrough, their story, and why they matter. Understanding where AI comes from helps you use it better, and here I tell it to you with no need to know math or research. A new legend every day, and soon several with their own video on the channel.

Alan Turing
Mathematician · University of Cambridge / Bletchley Park

Alan Turing

The father of artificial intelligence

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Geoffrey Hinton
Researcher · University of Toronto / Google

Geoffrey Hinton

The godfather of deep learning

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John McCarthy
Mathematician and computer scientist · MIT / Stanford

John McCarthy

The man who named artificial intelligence

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Yann LeCun
Researcher · Meta AI / NYU

Yann LeCun

The architect of computer vision

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Yoshua Bengio
Researcher · Université de Montréal / Mila

Yoshua Bengio

The architect of deep language

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Claude Shannon
Mathematician and engineer · Bell Labs / MIT

Claude Shannon

The father of information theory

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Demis Hassabis
Co-founder and CEO · DeepMind / Google

Demis Hassabis

Solve intelligence, then solve everything

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Marvin Minsky
Mathematician and computer scientist · MIT

Marvin Minsky

The architect of the artificial mind

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Ilya Sutskever
Scientist · OpenAI / Safe Superintelligence

Ilya Sutskever

The mind that scaled AI

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Fei-Fei Li
Researcher · Stanford / Google Cloud / Stanford HAI

Fei-Fei Li

The godmother of computer vision

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Ashish Vaswani
Researcher · Google Brain / Essential AI

Ashish Vaswani

The man who taught AI to pay attention

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Richard S. Sutton
Researcher · University of Alberta / Turing Award 2024

Richard S. Sutton

The father of reinforcement learning

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Judea Pearl
Computer Scientist · University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)

Judea Pearl

The father of causality in AI

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John Hopfield
Physicist · Princeton / Caltech / Bell Labs

John Hopfield

The physicist who taught the network to remember

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Ada Lovelace
Mathematician · London, 1815-1852

Ada Lovelace

The world's first computer programmer

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Sam Altman
CEO · OpenAI

Sam Altman

The man who opened the door to AI

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Alex Krizhevsky
Researcher · University of Toronto / Google Brain

Alex Krizhevsky

The young man who ignited the deep learning revolution

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Herbert Simon
Cognitive scientist and researcher · Carnegie Mellon University

Herbert Simon

The man who taught machines to think (and economists too)

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Frank Rosenblatt
Psychologist and researcher · Cornell University

Frank Rosenblatt

The man who taught a machine to learn

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Jensen Huang
Founder and CEO · NVIDIA

Jensen Huang

The man who put the engine in AI

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Andrew Ng
Researcher and educator · Stanford / DeepLearning.AI

Andrew Ng

The teacher who democratized AI

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Noam Shazeer
Engineer and researcher · Google / Character.AI / OpenAI

Noam Shazeer

The architect of the Transformer

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Dario Amodei
CEO and co-founder · Anthropic

Dario Amodei

The architect of responsible AI

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Allen Newell
Computer scientist · RAND Corporation / Carnegie Mellon University

Allen Newell

The architect who taught machines to reason

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David Rumelhart
Cognitive psychologist · UC San Diego / Stanford University

David Rumelhart

The man who taught machines to learn

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Jürgen Schmidhuber
Researcher · IDSIA / KAUST

Jürgen Schmidhuber

The father of long memory

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Alec Radford
Researcher · OpenAI (2016-2024)

Alec Radford

The quiet architect of pre-training

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Warren McCulloch
Neurophysiologist and cybernetician · MIT / University of Illinois

Warren McCulloch

The father of the artificial neuron

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Ian Goodfellow
Researcher · Google Brain / Apple / Google DeepMind

Ian Goodfellow

The father of networks that imagine things

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Vladimir Vapnik
Researcher · AT&T Bell Labs / Columbia University / Facebook AI Research

Vladimir Vapnik

The father of machines that learn to classify

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David Silver
Researcher · DeepMind / University College London

David Silver

The man who taught AI to master Go

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Andrew Barto
Researcher · University of Massachusetts Amherst

Andrew Barto

The architect of reinforcement learning

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Norbert Wiener
Mathematician · MIT

Norbert Wiener

The father of cybernetics

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Andrej Karpathy
Researcher and Engineer · OpenAI / Tesla / Anthropic

Andrej Karpathy

The teacher who shows you how AI works on the inside

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Kaiming He
Researcher · MIT / Google DeepMind

Kaiming He

The father of networks that skip forgetting

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Jeff Dean
Co-founder of Google Brain · Chief Scientist at Google DeepMind

Jeff Dean

The engineer who scaled Google's AI

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Leslie Valiant
Researcher · Harvard University

Leslie Valiant

The mathematician who taught machines how to learn

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Stuart Russell
Researcher · University of California, Berkeley

Stuart Russell

The guardian who put limits on AI

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Peter Norvig
Researcher · Stanford HAI / ex-Google

Peter Norvig

The teacher who wrote the book on AI

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Arthur Samuel
Researcher · IBM / Stanford University

Arthur Samuel

The man who coined 'machine learning'

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Alex Graves
Researcher · Google DeepMind / InstaDeep

Alex Graves

The man who gave machines their voice

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Diederik Kingma
Researcher · OpenAI · Google Brain · Anthropic

Diederik Kingma

The architect behind every generative AI

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Michael I. Jordan
Researcher · UC Berkeley / Inria Paris

Michael I. Jordan

The architect of statistical learning

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John Schulman
Researcher · OpenAI / Anthropic / Thinking Machines Lab

John Schulman

The architect of human reinforcement learning

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Mustafa Suleyman
Entrepreneur · DeepMind / Inflection AI / Microsoft AI

Mustafa Suleyman

The architect who built applied AI

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Oriol Vinyals
Researcher · Google DeepMind, VP of Research

Oriol Vinyals

The architect of the language machines learned to translate

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Tomas Mikolov
Researcher · Google Brain / Meta AI / BottleCap AI

Tomas Mikolov

The man who taught machines to understand words

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Terry Sejnowski
Computational Neuroscientist · Salk Institute / UC San Diego

Terry Sejnowski

The bridge between brain and machine

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Greg Brockman
Co-founder and President · OpenAI

Greg Brockman

The builder who made real AI possible

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Quoc Le
Researcher · Google Brain / Google DeepMind

Quoc Le

The pioneer who taught AI to translate and design itself

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Kyunghyun Cho
Researcher · NYU Courant Institute / Center for Data Science

Kyunghyun Cho

The man who taught AI to pay attention

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Mira Murati
Founder & CEO · Thinking Machines Lab (former OpenAI CTO)

Mira Murati

The architect who took AI out of the lab

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Sebastian Thrun
Researcher · Stanford / Google / Udacity

Sebastian Thrun

The pioneer who taught cars to drive themselves

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Joseph Weizenbaum
Computer scientist · MIT

Joseph Weizenbaum

The man who built the first chatbot and then warned us about it

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Soumith Chintala
Engineer · Co-creator of PyTorch · CTO at Thinking Machines Lab

Soumith Chintala

The man who put hands on AI research

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Christopher Manning
Researcher · Thomas M. Siebel Professor in Machine Learning, Stanford University

Christopher Manning

The architect of language machines learned to read

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Daphne Koller
Researcher · Stanford / Insitro

Daphne Koller

The woman who brought the university to the world

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Rodney Brooks
Roboticist · MIT CSAIL / iRobot / Rethink Robotics

Rodney Brooks

The man who taught robots to walk

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Ray Kurzweil
Inventor and futurist · Google / MIT

Ray Kurzweil

The prophet of the technological singularity

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François Chollet
Researcher · Google Brain / Ndea

François Chollet

The architect of generalizing intelligence

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Seymour Papert
Mathematician and educator · MIT AI Lab / MIT Media Lab

Seymour Papert

The man who put a computer in a child's hands

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Ruslan Salakhutdinov
Researcher · Carnegie Mellon / Apple / Meta

Ruslan Salakhutdinov

The scientist who imagined generative AI

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Tom Mitchell
Researcher · Carnegie Mellon University

Tom Mitchell

The man who gave machine learning its textbook

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Pieter Abbeel
Researcher · UC Berkeley / Covariant AI

Pieter Abbeel

The Man Who Taught Robots to Learn by Watching

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Bernhard Schölkopf
Researcher · Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems / ETH Zurich

Bernhard Schölkopf

The architect of machines that reason about why

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Nick Bostrom
Philosopher · University of Oxford / Future of Humanity Institute

Nick Bostrom

The philosopher of existential risk

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Timnit Gebru
Researcher · Founder of the DAIR Institute

Timnit Gebru

The scientist who told the truth about AI

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Max Welling
Researcher · University of Amsterdam / Microsoft Research

Max Welling

The architect who bridges physics and deep learning

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Terry Winograd
Researcher · MIT / Stanford University

Terry Winograd

The man who taught machines to talk

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Rosalind Picard
Researcher · MIT Media Lab / Empatica

Rosalind Picard

The inventor who taught machines to feel

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Daniela Amodei
President and Co-Founder · Anthropic

Daniela Amodei

The architect who built responsible AI from the inside

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Christopher Olah
Researcher · Co-founder of Anthropic

Christopher Olah

The man who wants to see inside AI

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Kai-Fu Lee
CEO of 01.AI · Founder of Sinovation Ventures

Kai-Fu Lee

The architect of global AI

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Thomas Wolf
Co-founder and Chief Science Officer · Hugging Face

Thomas Wolf

The man who gave AI to the world

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Chelsea Finn
Researcher · Stanford University / Physical Intelligence

Chelsea Finn

The woman who taught AI to learn in seconds

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Percy Liang
Researcher · Stanford University / Center for Research on Foundation Models

Percy Liang

The man who held a mirror up to AI

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Barbara Grosz
Researcher · Harvard University (Emerita)

Barbara Grosz

The pioneer who taught machines to follow a conversation

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Cynthia Breazeal
Researcher · MIT Media Lab / MIT Open Learning

Cynthia Breazeal

The woman who taught robots to smile

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Anima Anandkumar
Researcher · Caltech / NVIDIA

Anima Anandkumar

The woman who taught AI to see in more dimensions

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Nando de Freitas
Researcher · Oxford / Google DeepMind / Microsoft AI

Nando de Freitas

The professor who democratized deep learning

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Joëlle Pineau
Researcher · McGill University / Meta AI / Cohere

Joëlle Pineau

The scientist who taught AI to reproduce itself

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Yejin Choi
Researcher · Stanford HAI / NVIDIA Research

Yejin Choi

The woman who taught AI common sense

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Margaret Mitchell
Researcher · Google (2016-2021) / Hugging Face

Margaret Mitchell

The scientist who put a name to AI's responsibility

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Max Tegmark
Physicist · MIT / Future of Life Institute

Max Tegmark

The physicist who dared ask: what if AI goes wrong?

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Kate Crawford
Researcher · USC Annenberg / Microsoft Research / AI Now Institute

Kate Crawford

The woman who mapped AI's human cost

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Gary Marcus
Cognitive psychologist · NYU / Robust.AI

Gary Marcus

The skeptic AI needed

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Emad Mostaque
Founder · Stability AI

Emad Mostaque

The man who opened the image box

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